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SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of head and cervical spine posture of skeletal class malocclusion in adolescent with maxillary protraction. Thirty cases of skeletal class malocclusion were randomly selected from the Stomatological Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. High-quality lateral cephalograms were collected including pre- and posttreatment to compare the changes of head and cervical spine posture. Data were processed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. The paired-t test was used to compare pre- and posttreatment mean angular measurements.A significant difference in the SNA(p<0.001), SNB(p<0.01), and ANB(p<0.001) between T1 and T2 showed an improvement in the sagittal relationships. A significant change was observed in middle cervical spine posture, while upper cervical spine posture variables showed no significant difference after treatment. Skeletal class with maxillary protraction appliance not only led to the improvement of sagittal relationship, but also changed the middle cervical spine posture.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios en la postura de la cabeza y la columna cervical debido a la maloclusión clase esquelética en adolescentes con protracción maxilar. Treinta casos de maloclusión de clase esquelética fueron seleccionados al azar del Hospital Estomatológico de la Universidad Médica de Shanxi. Se recogieron cefalogramas laterales de alta calidad, incluidos el tratamiento previo y posterior, para comparar los cambios en la postura de la cabeza y la columna cervical. Los datos se procesaron con el software estadístico SPSS 26.0. Se utilizó la prueba t pareada para comparar las medidas angulares medias antes y después del tratamiento. Una diferencia significativa en SNA (p <0,001), SNB (p <0,01) y ANB (p <0,001) entre T1 y T2 mostró una mejora en las relaciones sagitales. Se observó un cambio significativo en la postura de la columna cervical media, mientras que las variables de postura de la columna cervical superior no mostraron diferencias significativas después del tratamiento. La clase esquelética con aparato de protracción maxilar no solo condujo a la mejora de la relación sagital, sino que también cambió la postura de la columna cervical media.
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Humans , Child , Posture , Cervical Vertebrae/anatomy & histology , Head/anatomy & histology , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/therapy , Cephalometry , Anatomic LandmarksABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo analyze the induction effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum （Fn） on endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins Glucose-regulating protein 78（GRP78） and X-box binding protein 1（XBP1） in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC）， and to explore its potential mechanism and clinical significance. MethodsESCC cells KYSE150 and KYSE140 were infected with Fn for 12 h， 24 h and 48 h. The oxidative stress indexes （ROS， MDA and SOD） and the expression of GRP78 and XBP1 in each group were detected by oxidative stress index kit and Western blot. The experiment was divided into Fn groups， Fn+siNC1 groups， Fn+siGRP78 groups， Fn+siNC2 groups and Fn+siXBP1 groups； the oxidative stress indexes， paclitaxel （PTX） response efficacy， abilities of proliferation， invasion and metastasis in each group were compared. The infection of Fn and the expression of GRP78 and XBP1 in 234 ESCC and paracancerous tissues were detected by RNA scope and immunohistochemistry. The correlation between each factor and clinicopathological characteristics of patients was analyzed by Chi-square test. The influence of each factor on the survival of patients was compared by Kaplan-meier survival estimate. ResultsCompared with Fn uninfected KYSE150 and KYSE140 cells， the content of ROS and MDA was gradually increased， the activity of SOD was gradually decreased， and the expression of GRP78 and XBP1 was gradually increased in Fn infected groups （12 h， 24 h and 48 h） （P < 0.05）. Compared with Fn groups， Fn+siNC1 groups， and Fn+siNC2 groups， ROS and MDA contents were decreased， SOD activity was increased， PTX response efficacy was enhanced， and abilities of proliferation， invasion and metastasis were decreased in Fn+siGRP78 and Fn+siXBP1 groups （P < 0.05）. The rates of Fn， GRP78 and XBP1 in ESCC tissues were 43.16%， 69.66% and 60.68%， respectively. And the three indexes were significantly consistent （P < 0.05）. The patients with positive Fn infection and high expression of GRP78 and XBP1 were mostly males with a history of smoking and drinking， and the tumor differentiation degree was low， the invasion degree was deep， the lymph node metastasis rate was high， and the clinical stage was mostly stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ. The 5-year survival time of patients with above positive indexes was shortened （P < 0.05）. ConclusionsFn could induce endoplasmic reticulum stress by inducing the high expression of GRP78 and XBP1， and promote the malignant evolution of ESCC.
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Abstract Objective: To investigate the clinical features of patients with definite vestibular migraine (dVM). Methods: A total of 91 patients with vestibular symptoms accompanied by migraines/migrainelike symptoms were enrolled and diagnosed according to the criteria of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society. Baseline data were collected. Videonystagmography and immune-related laboratory tests were performed. Results: Among the 91 patients, 62 (68.1%) had dVM (11 men, 51 women). Among dVM patients, migraine occurred earlier than vestibular symptoms in 42 (67.7%) patients. Spontaneous vertigo occurred in 41 (66.1%) patients. Induced vertigo occurred in 21 (33.9%) patients. Motion sickness occurred in 33 (53.2%) patients. Central oculomotor dysfunction was observed in 11 (17.7%) patients. Caloric test revealed unilateral horizontal semicircular canal dysfunction in 12 (19.4%) patients. Severe intolerance during the test occurred in 44 (71.0%) patients with dVM. 12 (19.4%) patients showed abnormal immune-related indicators. Conclusion: dVM is more common in women. The onset of migraine precedes that of vestibular symptoms, which are often accompanied by photophobia and phonophobia. Motion sickness and severe caloric test intolerance can contribute to the diagnosis of dVM. Immunological indicators are abnormal in some patients with dVM, dVM may be secondary or an accompanying disorder, but the causal relationship needs further investigation. Level of evidence: IV.
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Objective:To observe the effect of modified Dihuangyin on vascular dementia due to kidney empty phlegm and blood stasis syndrome，and its effect on phosphoinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway ［PI3K，microtuble-associated protein 1 light chain 3（LC3）Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ，Akt，phosphorylatedprotein kinase B（p-Akt）］ in peripheral blood. Method:Totally 100 cases were randomly divided into control group （50 cases） and observation group （50 cases），and were given donepezil，modified Dihuangyin combined with donepezil for 30 d，respectively. The main efficacy indicators ［mini-mental state examination （MMSE），clinical dementia rating （CDR），activity of daily living scale （ADL），traditional Chinese medcine（TCM） syndrome］ were compared in two groups. The cerebral blood flow dynamics ［middle cerebral artery （MCA），basilar artery （BA），anterior cerebral artery （ACA），posterior cerebral artery （PCA）］ speed，serum inflammatory factors ［tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>），interleukin-6 （IL-6），transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic> （TGF-<italic>β</italic>），C-reactive protein （CRP）］，oxidative stress indicators ［malondialdehyde （MDA），superoxide dismutase （SOD），glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） ，homocysteine （Hcy）］，peripheral blood PI3K/Akt signaling pathway （PI3K，LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ，Akt，p-Akt） were tested. The efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. Result:The total effective rate was 95.9% in observation group was higher than that 72.3% in control group （<italic>χ</italic><sup>2</sup>=5.673，<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment，the MMSE，ADL，SOD，GSH-Px，TGF-<italic>β</italic>，PI3K，Akt and p-Akt in the observation group were increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05），CDR，MCA，BA，ACA and PCA were increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05），and the TCM syndromes，MDA，Hcy，TNF-<italic>α</italic>，IL-6，CRP，LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ were decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. There was no significant difference incidence of adverse reactions between two groups. Conclusion:Modified Dihuangyin can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients with vascular dementia due to kidney empty phlegm and blood stasis syndrome，and the mechanism of action may be related to PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in peripheral blood.
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Objective@#To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases reported in Zhejiang Province in 2020 for prevention and control.@*Methods@#Data of notifiable infectious diseases reported in Zhejiang Province in 2020 were extracted from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The incidence and death of notifiable infectious diseases were analyzed and compared with the averages from 2015 to 2019; then the characteristics of some key diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ), influenza and other infectious diarrhea were summarized. @*Results@#Totally 487 271 cases of 30 kinds of infectious diseases were reported. The incidence and mortality rate was 832.94/100 000 and 0.615 4/100 000, which were 7.05% and 14.60% lower than the average value of 2015-2019.The weekly morbidity of Class A and Class B infectious diseases fluctuated between 1.24/100 000 and 3.68/100 000, and hit the bottom in the sixth to eighth week. The morbidity of Class C infectious diseases was 154.19/100 000 in the first week, then dropped to 4.83/100 000 in the second to sixth week and maintained at a low level. High morbidity of infectious diseases were reported in Hangzhou ( 1 412.62/100 000 ), Jinhua ( 960.35/100 000 ) and Ningbo ( 921.25/100 000 ). The morbidity of class C infectious diseases in Hangzhou was 1 248.80/100 000, which was far higher than that of other ten prefecture-level cities. The diseases with high reported morbidity were influenza (438.45/100 000), other infectious diarrhea (140.29/100 000 ), hand-foot-and-mouth disease ( 99.64/100 000 ), pulmonary tuberculosis ( 41.92/100 000 ), syphilis (41.37/100 000) and viral hepatitis ( 30.48/100 000 ). More deaths were reported in AIDS and pulmonary tuberculosis, and the mortality were 0.482 1/100 000 and 0.116 2/100 000. A total of 1 306 confirmed cases, 302 asymptomatic infections and 1 death of COVID-19 were reported. @*Conclusion@#In 2020, the incidence rate of notifiable infectious diseases in Zhejiang decreased compared with the average value of 2015-2019. Pulmonary tuberculosis, syphilis and hepatitis B still have high morbidity, and the COVID-19 epidemic spread widely. The morbidity of some respiratory infectious diseases and imported infectious diseases have dropped significantly compared with previous years.
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Objective To study the efficiency and accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) system based on fundus photograph in diabetic retinopathy(DR)screening,and evaluate the clinical application value of AI system. Methods A diagnostic trial was adopted. Total of 13683 color fundus photos were collected in Zhaoqing Gaoyao People's Hospital from March,2017 to November,2018. The AI system for DR (ZOC-DR-V1) was established,based on transfer learning + NASNet algorithm,by training 4465 precisely labeled fundus images (2510 normal,and 1955 with any stage of DR). One thousand confirmed fundus images (300 normal and 700 with any stage of DR),diagnosed by AI ( AI group ) and doctors ( 3 ophthalmologist doctors and 3 endocrinologist doctors ) ( doctor group ) , respectively. Ophthalmologist group and endocrinologist group were both composed of primary,intermediate and senior physicians. The mean reading time of each image and the total time of 1000 images were recorded. The accuracy and efficiency of AI system and doctor groups were compared. The reading process was divided into two stages. The diagnostic coincidence rate and the average reading time of each group between the two parts were calculated and compared. This study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University (No. 2017KYPJ104). Results After training,the diagnostic coincidence rate of AI system (ZOC-DR-V1) in test set was 94. 7％,AUC was 0. 994. In this "man-machine to war",the diagnostic coincidence rate of primary,intermediate and senior endocrinologist was 94. 0％,91. 4％ and 93. 4％;the diagnostic coincidence rate of primary,intermediate and senior ophthalmologist was 92. 7％,94. 4％ and 95. 6％;the diagnostic coincidence rate of AI system was 95. 2％. There was no difference in the diagnostic coincidence rate between AI system and senior ophthalmologist ( P = 0. 749 ) . The mean reading time of each image of primary, intermediate and senior endocrinologists was (4. 63±1. 87),(3. 74±3. 47) and (5. 71±3. 47) seconds,and the total time of 1000 images of primary,intermediate and senior endocrinologists was 1. 29,1. 04 and 1. 58 hours;the mean reading time of each image of primary,intermediate and senior ophthalmologists was ( 7. 25 ± 6. 58 ) , ( 5. 18 ± 5. 01 ) and ( 5. 18 ± 3. 47 ) seconds,and the total time of 1000 images of primary,intermediate and senior endocrinologists was 2. 02,1. 44 and 1. 44 hours;the mean and total time of AI system was (1. 62±0. 67) seconds and 0. 45 hours,and the reading time of AI system was significantly shorter than that of the doctor groups (all at P=0. 000). The diagnostic coincidence rates between previous and posterior part of primary endocrinologist, primary and intermediate ophthalmologist were significantly different (χ2=11. 986,6. 517,10. 896;all at P<0. 05),and the mean reading time in the posterior part was significantly shorter than that in the previous part of intermediate and senior endocrinologist and primary ophthalmologist (t=4. 175,8. 189,5. 160;all at P<0. 01). While the reading time of AI system remained stable throughout the process(χ2=3. 151,P=0. 103;t=0. 038,P=0. 970). Conclusions The ophthalmic AI system based on fundus images has a good diagnostic efficiency,and its diagnostic coincidence rate can compare with senior ophthalmologist,providing a new method and platform for large-scale DR screening.
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of school public health emergencies in Zhejiang Province, and to provide current suggestions for prevention and control. Methods A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted for the public health emergencies occurred in schools from 2014 to 2016 in Zhejiang Province. The data was derived from Emergency Public Reporting System. Results A total of 100 public health emergencies occurred in schools and 3 784 cases were reported during 2014-2016 in Zhejiang Province, meanwhile no death occurred. There were two peak seasons every year for the emergency report. Forty percent of the emergencies were reported during November to January of the following year, and 31.00 % were during April to May. The emergencies occurred on all the municipal districts when Ningbo accounted for 50.00%. The schools and kindergartens in rural area, town and urban area reported 37, 28 and 35 emergencies respectively. The main etiology of emergencies included varicella(37.00%), hand-foot-mouth disease(29.00%), norovirus(22.00%). The median duration of varicella outbreaks was 31.67d, which was longer than others. The scale of influenza and norovirus outbreaks were larger, and the median cases were 76 and 49 respectively. The time of emergencies detecting was significantly different between different detecting patterns. Conclusion The prevention and control of school emergencies was still urgently. There were still some deficiencies in the identification and active reporting of the epidemic, which need to be solved, while taking advantage of the surveillance system for sick absence. The future strategies should focused on reinforcing immunization and improving health habits to promote school health.
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Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of manual acupuncture for memory loss and sleep quality in chronic insomniacs.Methods:A total of 60 eligible participants were enrolled and randomized into either a treatment group or a control group,with 30 cases in each group.The treatment group was intervened by manual acupuncture whereas the control group was given sham acupuncture.In the two groups,the interventions were offered once every other day and three times a week,for 8 weeks in total.Before and after the treatment,Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and eventrelated potentials (ERPs) were used to assess the patients' sleep quality and memory,respectively.Meanwhile,adverse events were monitored and recorded.Results:After 8-week treatment,both the treatment group and the control group showed a significant decrease in the PSQI global score (P＜0.001,P＜0.01),and the decrease in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group (P＜0.001).The intra-group comparisons of ERPs indicated that,the latencies of N1 and P3 were shortened and the amplitudes of N1 and P3 were increased in the treatment group after the intervention,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05,P＜0.001);in the control group,there were no significant changes in the latency and amplitude after the treatment (P＞0.05).The between-group comparisons of ERPs showed that the treatment group was more effective than the control group in shortening the latency of P3 (P＜0.01).Conclusion:Acupuncture can be a safe and effective treatment option for chronic insomnia coupled with memory impairment.
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AIM:To investigate the effect of low-intensity ultrasound combined with microbubble contrast agent on autophagic death of thyroid cancer cells,and to analyze the mechanism of autophagy activation and its effect on cell via-bility. METHODS:Human thyroid cancer cell line TPC1 was treated with low-intensity ultrasound at 20 kHz frequency and 80 mW intensity combined with microbubbles. The cell death and viability were analyzed by Live/Dead assay and CCK-8 assay 60,120 and 240 s after the treatment. The protein levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ),autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) and SQSTM1/P62 were determined by Western blot. The number of in-tracellular autophagosomes was measured by the methods of monodansylcadaverine(MDC) staining,green fluorescent pro-tein (GFP)-LC3 transfection and transmission electron microscopy. The level of reactive oxygen species(ROS) was mea-sured and the effect of ROS on autophagy activation was evaluated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment. The effect of ATG5 siRNA transfection on autophagy was analyzed for determining the role of autophagic death. RESULTS:Low-intensi-ty ultrasound combined with microbubbles significantly promoted TPC1 cell death and inhibited TPC1 cell viability (P<0.05) in a time-dependent manner. Compared with low-intensity ultrasound group and microbubble group,ultrasound com-bined with microbubbles significantly increased the protein levels of LC3-Ⅱ and ATG5, but inhibited the protein level of P62 (P<0.05). The results of MDC staining,GFP-LC3 transfection and transmission electron microscopy showed that ul-trasound combined with microbubbles significantly increased the number of autophagosomes in the TPC1 cells. Compared with low-intensity ultrasound group and microbubble group, ultrasound combined with microbubbles increased the level of ROS,while NAC significantly reduced the protein level of LC3-Ⅱ (P<0.05). Thansfection with ATG5 siRNA inhibited the autophagy,significantly decreased the percentage of cell death and increased cell viability (P<0.05). CONCLU-SION:Low-intensity ultrasound combined with microbubbles promotes the autophagic cell death by increasing the level of ROS in thyroid cancer cells,leading to death of thyroid cancer cells.
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Objective To analyze the changes of distribution and drug resistance of isolated pathogens for ventilator-associated-pneumonia (VAP) in seven intensive care units from January 2013 to December 2015,so that provides information for clinical antibiotic treatment.Methods Collected the patient records diagnosed with VAP to get the distribution and drug resistance of isolated pathogens for VAP in ICU from January 2013 to December 2015.Compared the distribution of isolated pathogens for VAP among three year with Chi-square tests,and compared the drug resistance of main isolated pathogens with Nonparametric tests.Results 177 patients were diagnosed with VAP from January 2013 to December 2015.A total of 192 strains of pathogens were isolated from the VAP patients in ICU.Among which the gram-negative bacteria were dominant.It took up 90.6％.There was no significant statistical difference for the distribution of pathogens (x2 =2.372,P=0.668＞0.05).Analyzed the drug resistance rate and trends for the primary pathogens like Acinetobacter Bauman,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus,among which,the drug resistance of Acinetobacter Bauman from 2013 to 2015 made statistical difference.Conclusion The major pathogen isolated from VAP patients was gram-negative bacteria from January 2013 to December 2015,especially for Acinetobacter Bauman.Drug resistance of Acinetobacter Bauman was serious.Should administrated appropriate to treat the VAP infection resulted from Acinetobacter Bauman.
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Objective To explore the correlations between the scarlet fever and meteorological factors in Zhejiang Province. Methods The data which was been analyzed including month case of scarlet fever and meteorological factors from JAN 2005 to DEC 201 4,were analyzed for the degree and characteristic of the correlations between the scarlet fever and meteorological factors with generalized additive model(GAM).Results There were negative correlation between scarlet fever and meteorological factors including water vapor pressure and hours of sunshine.There were complex nonlinear correlations between scarlet fever and meteorological factors including precipitation,average barometric pressure,average wind speed and average temperature .The relationship between scarlet fever and meteorological factors including average barometric pressure,average wind speed and average temperature showed approximate quadratic function.The precipitation above 3 500(0.1 mm),average barometric pressure above 1 0 200(0.1 hPa)and under 1 0 050(0.1 hPa),average wind speed between 1 8.7 -23.6 (0.1 m/s)and average temperature between 1 00 -250 (0.1 ℃) were the suitable meteorological condition for scarlet fever.Conclusion There were complex nonlinear correlations between the scarlet fever and meteorological factors.Precipitation,average barometric pressure,average wind speed and average temperature may be associated with the incidence of scarlet fever.
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Objective To investigate the current status of sleep and its influencing factors among diabetic patients in communities. Methods Using the method of cluster sampling,a total of 449 diabetic patients were selected from 20 communities in Beilun District,Ningbo City. A well -structured questionnaire and physical examination were applied to obtain information,and pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index( pSQI)was also used to compare the sleeping quality of diabetic patients with norm population. Results Out of 449 patients,177(39. 42%)had poor sleeping quality. Compared with norm (3. 88 ± 2. 52),sleeping quality of diabetic patients(5. 50 ± 3. 82)was poorer(p<0. 01). Multivariable logistic regression showed that BMI,family income and cardiovascular diseases( CVD)were the influencing factors of sleeping quality,the value of OR and 95% confidence interval(95%CI)were 0. 93(0. 87-0. 99),0. 35(0. 15-0. 80)and 1. 58(1. 01-2. 47) respectively. Besides,multivariable linear regression showed that family income and retirement were associated with sleeping quality(p<0. 05). Conclusion Sleep disorder remains a common problem among diabetic patients Low BMI,low family income,non-retiree and CVD contribute to poor status of sleep.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of lung cancer A549 cells conditioned medium on the proliferative characteristics of umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) and the expression of phospho-p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) in UCB-MSCs. Methods: Primary culture system of UCB-MSCs from human umbilical cord blood was established. UCB-MSCs were divided into control (incubated with UCB-MSCs culture medium), low concentration (incubated with 50% A549 cells conditioned medium and 50% UCB-MSCs culture medium) and high concentration (incubated with 100% A549 cells conditioned medium) groups. The abilities of proliferation and migration of UCB-MSCs in each group were detected by MTT method and wound healing assay, respectively. The cell cycle distribution and the expression level of p-p38MAPK protein of UCB-MSCs in each group were analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blotting, respectively. Results: The UCB-MSCs were successfully isolated and cultured. As compared with the control group, the abilities of proliferation and migration of UCB-MSCs in the low concentration and the high concentration groups were increased (P < 0.05). The percentage of the cells in G0/G 1 phase in the high concentration group was lower than that in the control group, while the percentage of the cells in G2/M phase was increased (all P < 0.05). The percentages of the cells in S phase in the low concentration and the high concentration groups were higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression levels of p-p38MAPK protein of UCB-MSCs in the low concentration and the high concentration groups were up-regulated (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Lung cancer A549 cells conditioned medium can stimulate the proliferation and the migration of UCB-MSCs and up-regulate the expression level of p-p38MAPK protein. Copyright © 2014 by TUMOR.
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To evaluate the efficacy of a variety of lacrimal duct obstruction diseases treated by Nd: YAG laser lacrimal duct forming surgery using Meta analysis. ●METHODS: Relevant database in 1995 - 2012 and other network resources were retrieved by computer and manual, using MetaAnalyst software on the Meta analysis. Analysis of indicators: disease prevalence between men and women, the prevalence of various lacrimal duct diseases and the effective rate of Nd: YAG laser lacrimal duct forming surgery to treat a variety of lacrimal duct obstruction diseases. ●RESULTS: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 38 subjects were selected, the cumulative number of patients included 4638 cases, the men combined prevalence was 23%; the women combined prevalence was 77%; lacrimal punctum occlusion combined prevalence was 6. 0%, combined treatment efficiency was 88. 1%; lacrimal canaliculus obstruction combined prevalence of 17. 9%, combined efficiency was 85. 6%;lacrimal common canaliculus obstruction combined prevalence was 14. 0%, 92. 7% of the combined effective rate; nasolacrimal duct obstruction combined prevalence of was 43. 6%, 93. 3% of the combined effective rate;chronic dacryocystitis combined prevalence was 18. 4%, 76. 6% of the combined efficiency. All study has heterogeneity. Selection of random effects model combined effect size. Model was statistically significant (P ●CONCLUSlON: The prevalence of lacrimal duct obstruction diseases of women are higher than men, lacrimal canaliculus obstruction in the lacrimal duct obstruction is in the lowest prevalence, nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the main type of lacrimal duct obstruction disease, Nd: YAG laser lacrimal forming surgery has slightly efficacy different in various lacrimal duct obstruction diseases.
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Objective To describe the structure and the level of the stress of nursing students in clinic practice,and supply reference for reform of clinical teaching method.Methods Totally 100 undergraduate nursing students in clinic practice,who would graduate from nursing school and begin to work in 2013,were interviewed and investigated.Results The main stress sources were divided into five aspects:recognition,clinical nursing ability,career development,field response and exhaustion of body and mind.Conclusions The structure and level of the stress of nursing students changed a lot.Some new appropriate reform should be introduced into clinic education,in order to help nursing students to complete psychological change and role adaptation.
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Objective To investigate whether gastroesophageal reflux can cause asthma-like pathophysiological changes and its mechanism.Methods Sixty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:group A was gastroesophageal reflux control group,group B was asthma control group,group C was gastroesophageal reflux group,and group D was asthmatic group.The asthmatic models were replicated with ovalbumin(OVA) and aluminum hydroxide,and gastroesophageal reflux models were replicated with hydrochloric acid solution pepsin.After the last inhaling ovalbumin and slow perfusion,the airway pressure was detected,and eosinophil (EOS) and neutrophil granulocyte in bronchial lavage fluid were counted.The flow cytometer was used to determinate IL-4,IFN-γ,and Th1/Th2 ratio changes of spleen cells;Lung tissue and esophagus sections were stained with HE,and pathological changes of lung tissue and esophagus were observed.Results In group C and group D,the airway hyper-responsiveness was significantly increased compared with group A and group B,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).In group C and group D,IL-4were significantly increased,while IFN-γand Thl/Th2 ratio were significantly decreased than that in the group A and B group,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).EOS of group C and group D accounted for a high percentage of total cells and they were significantly higher than that in group A and group B,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Through lung tissue biopsy,in group C and group D,bronchial lumen deformation,infiltration of inflammatory cells around the wall,basement membrane thickening,inflammatory cell infiltration around the wall,peripheral vascular edema,enlarging alveolar cavity,alveolar wall thinning,fracture,part of alveolar fusion into bullace of lung,could be observed.The lung pathological section showed that the endothelial cells in group A and group B were integrated and had no denaturation or necrosis,and there was no inflammation cell infiltrate around.EOS biopsy could be observed in group A and group B of lower esophagus markedly submucosal edema,submucosal inflammatory cell infiltration,and keratin hyper function,visible bacteria group A group B and group D were basic ally normal,with no pathological changes.Conclusions Gastroesophageal reflux can induce Th1/Th2 decreasing,airway hyper-responsiveness and pathophysiological changes similar to asthma.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression and significance of beta-receptor ( p-R) in infantile hemangioma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of beta-R was detected by immunohistochemistry in infantile hemangioma (40 cases), venous malformation (20 cases) and normal skin (10 cases).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive expression rate of beta2-R was 70% (28/40) in infantile hemangioma, while no expression of beta2-R in venous malformation and normal skin. Among 28 cases with positive expression of beta2-R, 24 cases were in proliferative phase. The positive expression of beta2-R in infantile hemangioma was significantly higher than that in venous malformation and normal skin tissue. The positive expression of beta2-R in the proliferative hemangioma and non-proliferative hemangioma was also significantly different (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>beta2-R is specifically expressed in infantile hemangioma, especially in proliferative hemangioma.</p>
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Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Case-Control Studies , Hemangioma , Metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the induced sputum of children with cough variant asthma (CVA), with the aim of studying the roles of NGF and IL-4 in childhood CVA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-four children with CVA were enrolled in this study. Twenty healthy children were used as a normal control group. The induced sputum was separated into supernatant and cells. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to count differential cells. The expression of NGF and IL-4 in supernatant was measured using ELISA. The mRNA expression of NGF and IL-4 in cells was determined by Real-time PCR analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentage of eosinophils in the CVA group was significantly higher than in the control group [(13.4±3.6)% vs (2.6±1.7)%; P<0.01]. The expression of NGF and IL-4 protein and mRNA in induced sputum was significantly higher in the CVA group than in the control group (P<0.05). The expression of NGF and IL-4 protein and mRNA was positively correlated with the percentage of eosinophils (P<0.01). The expression of NGF and IL-4 protein and mRNA in induced sputum was significantly reduced in the CVA group after treatment (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Eosinophils infiltration and increased expression of NGF and IL-4 play key roles in the development of childhood CVA, suggesting that they may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood CVA.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Asthma , Metabolism , Cough , Eosinophils , Physiology , Interleukin-4 , Genetics , Physiology , Nerve Growth Factor , Genetics , Physiology , Sputum , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Invasive fungal infections such as candidiasis and mold infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in seriously ill patients. Micafungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent with potent activity against most species of Candida and Aspergillus. We did this meta-analysis to clarify whether micafungin offers superior efficacy and safety compared with other antifungal agent for treating infections associated with invasive candidiasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We did a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine whether micafungin has superior efficacy and safety compared with other antifungal agents recommended by the treatment guidelines for fungal infection. Seven trials involving 2913 patients were included in this analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Micafungin was associated with significantly better treatment success compared with the comparator antifungal agents (modified intention to treat, 2851 patients; random-effects model, OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.00 - 1.45, P = 0.0487). In addition, micafungin was more effective than the comparators for antifungal prophylaxis of neutropenic patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.08 - 2.00, P = 0.01). Although there was no significant difference between the compared regimens in terms of the incidence of adverse drug effects (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.77 - 1.11), fewer patients treated with micafungin withdrew from the studies because of adverse events (OR 0.64, 95%CI 0.44 - 0.94).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Micafungin has a good safety and tolerability profile, with an efficacy at least comparable to the other antifungal agents. Micafungin offers advantages over other agents for antifungal prophylaxis. Micafungin offers an appropriate alternative for antifungal prophylaxis rather than the treatment of invasive candida infections.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Antifungal Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Candidiasis, Invasive , Drug Therapy , Echinocandins , Therapeutic Uses , Lipopeptides , Therapeutic Uses , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To retrospectively investigate the clinical characteristics of sternal insufficiency fractures (SIFs) of post-menopausal women.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Findings on the clinical presentation, associated diseases, and imaging of SIFs in 17 postmenopausal women admitted to our hospital between February 1999 and January 2009 were reported.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twelve patients complained of severe pain in their anterior chest. Other symptoms included cough (5 cases), dyspnoea (3 cases), breathlessness (3 cases), and wheeze (2 cases). Four patients had no discomfort. The sternums of 11 cases were tender to palpation. Seventeen patients had osteoporosis. Other associated diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (7 cases), rheumatoid arthritis (3 cases), systemic lupus erythematosus (1 case), asthma (1 case), and thoracic vertebral fracture (13 cases). Nine patients had received glucocorticoid treatment. The fractures were located in the body of the sternum in 15 patients, in the manubrium in 1 patient, and in the manubriosternal junction in 1 patient. Displaced fracture was present in 13 cases. Lateral radiography of the sternum showed a fracture line in 14 patients. In the remaining 3 cases, other imaging examinations such as bone scan, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the presence of a fracture.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Osteoporosis, glucocorticoid therapy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and rheumatoid arthritis might be risk factors for SIFs. SIFs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain.</p>